Seth D, Cheldize K, Brown D, Freeman EE. Global burden of skin disease: inequities and innovations. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2017;6:204–10.
Yew YW, Thyssen JP, Silverberg JI. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the regional and age-related differences in atopic dermatitis clinical characteristics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(2):390–401.
Yaneva M, Darlenski R. The link between atopic dermatitis and asthma-immunological imbalance and beyond. Asthma Res Pract. 2021;7(1):1–8.
Rycroft RJ, Menné T, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin J-P. Textbook of contact dermatitis. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media; 2013.
Mokos ZB, Kralj M, Basta-Juzbašić A, Jukić IL. Seborrheic dermatitis: an update. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2012;20(2):98–104.
Borda LJ, Wikramanayake TC. Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff: a comprehensive review. J Clin Invest Dermatol. 2015;3(2).
Bashyam AM, Ganguli S, Mahajan P, Feldman SR. Lifelong impact of severe atopic dermatitis on quality of life: a case report. Dermatol Ther. 2021;11:1065–70.
Teixeira C, Garcia MJ, Freitas A, Silva H. Impact of atopic dermatitis on the mental health of adolescents—literature review. Med Sci Forum. 2022;16(1):8.
Talamonti M, Galluzzo M, Silvaggio D, Lombardo P, Tartaglia C, Bianchi L. Quality of life and psychological impact in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(6):1298.
Laughter M, Maymone M, Mashayekhi S, Arents B, Karimkhani C, Langan S, et al. The global burden of atopic dermatitis: lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2017. Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(2):304–9.
Karimkhani C, Dellavalle RP, Coffeng LE, Flohr C, Hay RJ, Langan SM, et al. Global skin disease morbidity and mortality: an update from the global burden of disease study 2013. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153(5):406–12.
Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204–22.
Mainar AS, Carrascosa J, Navarro-Artieda R. Economic impact of atopic dermatitis in adults: a population study (IDEA study). Value Health. 2017;20(9):A497.
Augustin M, Misery L, von Kobyletzki L, Armario-Hita J, Mealing S, Redding M. Unveiling the true costs and societal impacts of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36:3–16.
Drucker AM, Wang AR, Li W-Q, Sevetson E, Block JK, Qureshi AA. The burden of atopic dermatitis: summary of a report for the National Eczema Association. J Investig Dermatol. 2017;137(1):26–30.
Xue Y, Bao W, Zhou J, Zhao QL, Hong SZ, Ren J, et al. Global burden, incidence and disability-adjusted life-years for dermatitis: a systematic analysis combined with socioeconomic development status, 1990–2019. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:861053.
Murray CJL, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi-Kangevari M, et al. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1223–49.
Wang Y. Smoothing splines: methods and applications. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC; 2019.
Bach J-F. The hygiene hypothesis in autoimmunity: the role of pathogens and commensals. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(2):105–20.
Urban K, Chu S, Giesey RL, Mehrmal S, Uppal P, Nedley N, et al. The global, regional, and national burden of atopic dermatitis in 195 countries and territories: an ecological study from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. JAAD Int. 2021;2:12–8.
Warshaw EM, Zhang AJ, DeKoven JG, Maibach HI, Belsito DV, Sasseville D, et al. Epidemiology of nickel sensitivity: retrospective cross-sectional analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data 1994–2014. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(3):701–13.
Szepietowski JC, Reich A, Wesołowska-Szepietowska E, Baran E, Group ftNQoLiD. Quality of life in patients suffering from seborrheic dermatitis: influence of age, gender and education level. Mycoses. 2009;52(4):357–63.
Holm EA, Esmann S, Jemec GBE. Does visible atopic dermatitis affect quality of life more in women than in men? Gend Med. 2004;1(2):125–30.
Osman M, Hansell AL, Simpson CR, Hollowell J, Helms PJ. Gender-specific presentations for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in primary care. Prim Care Respir J. 2007;16(1):28–35.
Renzi C, Mastroeni S, Mannooranparampil TJ, Passarelli F, Caggiati A, Potenza C, et al. Prevalence of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma in Taiwan: a national study 2000 to 2007. Acta Derm Venereol. 2010;90:595–601.
Dong W-l, An J, Yu M, Yin P, Xu T-l, Liu B, et al. The prevalence and year lived with disability of atopic dermatitis in China: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. World Allergy Organ J. 2021;14(11):100604.
Chan LN, Magyari A, Ye M, Al-Alusi NA, Langan SM, Margolis D, et al. The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in older adults: a population-based study in the United Kingdom. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0258219.
Salava A, Rieppo R, Lauerma A, Salo V. Age-dependent distribution of atopic dermatitis in primary care: a nationwide population-based study from Finland. Acta Derm Venereol. 2022;102:adv00738.
Ro BI, Dawson TL. The role of sebaceous gland activity and scalp microfloral metabolism in the etiology of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2005;10(3):194–7.
Lima AL, Timmermann V, Illing T, Elsner P. Contact dermatitis in the elderly: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and management. Drugs Aging. 2019;36(5):411–7.
Ahlström MG, Thyssen JP, Wennervaldt M, Menné T, Johansen JD. Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: a clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment. Contact Dermatitis. 2019;81(4):227–41.
Blome C, Radtke MA, Eissing L, Augustin M. Quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis: disease burden, measurement, and treatment benefit. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2016;17(2):163–9.
Murota H, Koike Y, Morisaki H, Matsumoto M, Takenaka M. Exacerbating factors and disease burden in patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int. 2022;71(1):25–30.
Paul C, Griffiths CEM, Costanzo A, Herranz P, Grond S, Mert C, et al. Factors predicting quality of life impairment in adult patients with atopic dermatitis: results from a patient survey and machine learning analysis. Dermatol Ther. 2023;13(4):981–95.
Bonamonte D, Filoni A, Vestita M, Romita P, Foti C, Angelini G. The role of the environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of atopic dermatitis. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:2450605.
Ng YT, Chew FT. A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors associated with atopic dermatitis in Asia. World Allergy Organ J. 2020;13(11):100477.
Cui H, Mu Z. Prenatal maternal risk factors contributing to atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ann Dermatol. 2023;35(1):11–22.
Reitsma MB, Kendrick PJ, Ababneh E, Abbafati C, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abdoli A, et al. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2021;397(10292):2337–60.
Schütte MG, Tamminga SJ, de Groene GJ, Kezic S, van der Molen HF. Work-related and personal risk factors for occupational contact dermatitis: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Contact Dermatitis. 2023;88(3):171–87.
Jacobsen G, Rasmussen K, Bregnhøj A, Isaksson M, Diepgen TL, Carstensen O. Causes of irritant contact dermatitis after occupational skin exposure: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2022;95(1):35–65.
Yu J, Chen JK, Mowad CM, Reeder M, Hylwa S, Chisolm S, et al. Occupational dermatitis to facial personal protective equipment in health care workers: a systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(2):486–94.
Moon J, Reeder M, Atwater AR. Contact allergy to nickel: still #1 after all these years. Cutis. 2021;107(1):12–5.
Uter W, Werfel T, White IR, Johansen JD. Contact allergy: a review of current problems from a clinical perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(6):1108.
Ahlström MG, Thyssen JP, Menné T, Johansen JD. Prevalence of nickel allergy in Europe following the EU Nickel Directive – a review. Contact Dermatitis. 2017;77(4):193–200.
Khatami A, Nassiri-Kashani M, Gorouhi F, Babakoohi S, Kazerouni-Timsar A, Davari P, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis to metal allergens in Iran. Int J Dermatol. 2013;52(12):1513–8.
Kakşi SA, Kahraman FC, Akdeniz N, Özen T. Results of the patch tests with European baseline series in children: five years of experience from a single center in Turkey and a review of the literature. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22(3):1071–6.
Cortés H, Rojas-Márquez M, Del Prado-Audelo ML, Reyes-Hernández OD, González-Del Carmen M, Leyva-Gómez G. Alterations in mental health and quality of life in patients with skin disorders: a narrative review. Int J Dermatol. 2022;61(7):783–91.
Ahlström MG, Dietz JB, Wilke A, Johansen JD, John SM, Brans R. Evaluation of the secondary and tertiary prevention strategies against occupational contact dermatitis in Germany: a systematic review. Contact Dermatitis. 2022;87(2):142–53.
Araya M, Kulthanan K, Jiamton S. Clinical characteristics and quality of life of seborrheic dermatitis patients in a tropical country. Indian J Dermatol. 2015;60(5):519.
Adalsteinsson JA, Kaushik S, Muzumdar S, Guttman-Yassky E, Ungar J. An update on the microbiology, immunology and genetics of seborrheic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol. 2020;29(5):481–9.
Leroy AK, Cortez de Almeida RF, Obadia DL, Frattini S, Melo DF. Scalp seborrheic dermatitis: what we know so far. Skin Appendage Disord. 2023;9(3):160–4.
Peano A, Johnson E, Chiavassa E, Tizzani P, Guillot J, Pasquetti M. Antifungal resistance regarding Malassezia pachydermatis: where are we now? J Fungi. 2020;6(2):93.
Leong C, Chan JWK, Lee SM, Lam YI, Goh JPZ, Ianiri G, et al. Azole resistance mechanisms in pathogenic Malassezia furfur. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021;65(5):e01975-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01975-20.
Hadi HA, Tarmizi AI, Khalid KA, Gajdács M, Aslam A, Jamshed S. The epidemiology and global burden of atopic dermatitis: a narrative review. Life. 2021;11(9):936.
Xuan M, Lu C, He Z. Clinical characteristics and quality of life in seborrheic dermatitis patients: a cross-sectional study in China. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1):308.
