Pacyna, E. G. et al. Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020. Atmos. Environ. 44, 2487–2499. (2010).
Sontag, P. T., Steinberg, D. K. & Reinfelder, J. R. Patterns of total mercury and methylmercury bioaccumulation in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) along the West Antarctic Peninsula 2019. Sci. Total Environ. 688, 174–183. (2019).
Clarkson, T. W. The toxicology of mercury. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 34, 369–403. (1997).
Bernhoft, R. A. Mercury toxicity and treatment: A review of the literature. J. Environ. Public Health (2012).
Bhan, A. & Sarkar, N. N. Mercury in the environment: Effect on health and reproduction. Environ. Health Rev. 20, 39–56. (2005).
Weiss-Penzias, P. S. et al. Trends in mercury wet deposition and mercury air concentrations across the U.S. and Canada. Sci. Total Environ. 568, 546–556. (2016).
Loewen, M. et al. Atmospheric transport of mercury to the Tibetan plateau. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41(22), 7632–7638. (2007).
Fitzgerald, W. F., Lamborg, C. H. & Hammerschmidt, C. R. Marine biogeochemical cycling of mercury. Chem. Rev. 107, 641–662. (2007).
Nigro, M., Campana, A., Lanzillotta, E. & Ferrara, R. Mercury exposure and elimination rates in captive bottlenose dolphins. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 1071–1075. (2002).
Szumińska, D. et al. Water chemistry of tundra lakes in the periglacial zone of the Bellsund Fiord (Svalbard) in the summer of 2013. Sci. Total Environ. 624, 1669–1679. (2018).
Słomska, A., Panasiuk-Chodnicka, A., Żmijewska, M. I. & Mańko, M. K. Variability of Salpa thompsoni population structure in the Drake Passage in summer season 2010. Pol. Polar Res. 4, 391–404. (2015).
Henschke, N., Pakhomov, E. A., Groeneveld, J. & Meyer, B. Modelling the life cycle of Salpa thompsoni. Ecol. Modell. 387, 17–26. (2018).
Słomska, A. et al. Historical abundance and distributions of Salpa thompsoni hot spots in the Southern Ocean and projections for further ocean warming. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. 31, 2095–2102. (2021).
Panasiuk, A., Wawrzynek-Borejko, J., Musiał, A. & Korczak-Abshire, M. Pygoscelis penguin diets on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, with a special focus on the krill Euphausia superba. Antarct. Sci. 32, 21–28. (2020).
Wawrzynek-Borejko, J., Panasiuk, A., Hinke, J. T. & Korczak-Abshire, M. Are the diets of sympatric Pygoscelid penguins more similar than previously thought?. Polar Biol. 45, 1559–1569. (2022).
Henschke, N., Everett, J. D., Richardson, A. J. & Suthers, I. Rethinking the role of Salps in the Ocean. Trends. Ecol. Evol. 31, 720–733. (2016).
Pakhomov, E. A., Froneman, P. W. & Perissinotto, R. Salp/krill interactions in the Southern Ocean: Spatial segregation and implications for the carbon flux. Deep-Sea Res. II (49), 1881–1907. (2002).
Pakhomov, E. A., Dubischar, C. D., Strass, V., Brichta, M. & Bathmann, U. V. The tunicate Salpa thompsoni ecology in the Southern Ocean. I. Distribution, biomass, demography and feeding ecophysiology. Mar. Biol. 149, 609–623. (2006).
Phillips, B., Kremer, P. & Madin, L. P. Defecation by Salpa thompsoni and its contribution to vertical flux in the Southern Ocean. Mar. Biol. 156, 455–467. (2009).
Seco, J. et al. Mercury biomagnification in a Southern Ocean food web. Environ. Pollut. 275, 116620. (2021).
Seco, J. et al. Spatial variability in total and organic mercury levels in Antarctic krill Euphausia superba across the Scotia Sea. Environ. Pollut. 247, 332–339. (2019).
Sontag, P. T., Steinberg, D. K. & Reinfelder, J. R. Patterns of total mercury and methylmercury bioaccumulation in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) along the West Antarctic Peninsula. Sci. Total Environ. 688, 174–183. (2019).
Korejwo, E. et al. Mercury concentrations in Antarctic zooplankton with a focus on the krill species Euphausia superba. Sci. Total Environ. 905, 167239. (2023).
Cipro, C. V. Z. et al. Trace elements in invertebrates and fish from Kerguelen waters, southern Indian Ocean. Polar Biol. 41, 175–191. (2017).
Strycker, et al. Fifty-year change in penguin abundance on Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: Results of the 2019–20 census. Polar Biol. 44, 45–56 (2021).
Silva Souza, J. et al. Biological factors affecting total mercury and methylmercury levels in Antarctic penguins. Chemosphere 261, 127713. (2020).
Sparaventi, E., Rodríguez-Romero, A., Barbosa, A., Ramajo, L. & Tovar-Sánchez, A. Trace elements in Antarctic penguins and the potential role of guano as source of recycled metals in the Southern Ocean. Chemosphere 285, 131423. (2021).
Vaughan, D. G. et al. Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. Clim. Change. 60, 243–274. (2003).
Potapowicz, J., Szumińska, D., Szopińska, M. & Polkowska, Ż. The influence of global climate change on the environmental fate of anthropogenic pollution released from the permafrost. Sci. Total Environ. 651, 1534–1548. (2018).
Bargagli, R., Monaci, F., Sanchez-Hernandez, J. C. & Cateni, D. Biomagnification of mercury in an Antarctic marine coastal food web Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 169, 65–76 (1998).
Stern, G. A. et al. How does climate change influence arctic mercury?. Sci. Total Environ. 414, 22–42. (2012).
Wallis, J. R. A description of the post-naupliar development of Southern Ocean krill (Thysanoessa macrura). Polar Biol. 41, 2399–2407. (2018).
Seco, J. et al. Oxidative stress, metabolic activity and mercury concentrations in Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and myctophid fish of the Southern Ocean. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 166, 112178. (2021).
Brengston-Nash, S. M., Casa, M. V., Kawaguchi, S., Staniland, I. & Bjerregaard, P. Mercury levels in humpback whales, and other Southern Ocean marine megafauna. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 172, 112774. (2021).
Anderson, O. R. J., Phillips, R. A., Shore, R. F., McGill, R. A. & Bearhop, S. Diet, individual specialization and breeding of brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi): An investigation using stable isotopes. Polar Biol. 32, 27–33. (2008).
Vieira, H., Rendon von Osten, J., Soares, A., Morgado, F. & Abreu, S. Mercury bioaccumulation in the long – fin squid Loligo forbesi near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications to human exposure. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 203, 110957. (2020).
Kwaśniak, J. & Falkowska, L. Mercury distribution in muscles and internal organ of the juvenile and adult Baltic cod (Gadus morrhua callarias Linnaeus, 1758). Oceanol. Hydrobiol. Stud. 41, 65–71. (2012).
Kljaković-Gašpić, Z. & Tičina, V. Mercury and selenium levels in archive samples of wild Atlantic bluefin tuna from the Mediterranean Sea. Chemosphere 284, 131402. (2021).
Minet, A. et al. Bioaccumulation of inorganic and organic mercury in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis: Influence of ocean acidification and food type. Environ. Res. 215, 114201. (2022).
Jędruch, A., Bełdowska, M., Kwasigroch, U., Normant-Saremba, M. & Saniewska, D. Mercury fractionation in marine macrofauna using thermodesorption technique: Method and its application. Talanta 189, 534–542. (2018).
Kwasigroch, U., Bełdowska, M., Jędruch, A. & Łukawska-Matuszewska, K. Distribution and bioavailability of mercury in the surface sediments of the Baltic Sea. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 28, 35690–35708. (2021).
Bełdowski, J., Miotk, M., Zaborska, A. & Pempkowiak, J. Distribution of sedimentary mercury off Svalbard, European Arctic. Chemosphere 122, 190–198. (2015).
Pakhomov, E. A., Fuentes, V., Schloss, I., Atencio, A. & Esnal, G. B. Beaching of the tunicate Salpa thompsoni at high levels of suspended particulate matter in the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol. 26, 427–431. (2003).
Stein, E. D., Cohen, Y. & Winer, A. M. Environmental distribution and transformation of mercury compounds. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26, 1–43. (1996).
Jędruch, A. & Bełdowska, M. Mercury forms in the benthic food web of a temperate coastal lagoon (southern Baltic Sea). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 153, 110968. (2020).
Bełdowska, M. et al. Simple screening technique for determination of adsorbed and absorbed mercury in particulate matter in atmospheric and aquatic environment. Talanta 182, 340–347. (2018).
Dehevn, D. D., Gendreau, P., Baldwin, R. J. & Latz, M. I. Evidence for enhanced bioavailability of trace elements in the marine ecosystem of Deception Island, a volcano in Antarctica. Mar. Environ. Res. (2005).
Angulo-Preckler, C. et al. Volcanism and rapid sedimentation affect the benthic communities of Deception Island, Antarctica. Cont. Shelf. Res. 220, 104404. (2021).
Mão de Ferro, A. M., Mota, A. M. & Canario, J. Pathways and speciation of mercury in the environmental compartments of Deception Island, Antarctica. Chemosphere 95, 227–233. (2014).
Cossa, D. et al. Mercury in the Southern Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75, 4037–4052. (2011).
Ajsuvakova, O. P. et al. Sulfhydryl groups as targets of mercury toxicity. Coord. Chem. Rev. 417, 213343. (2020).
Carravieri, A. et al. Mercury exposure and short-term consequences on physiology and reproduction in Antarctic petrels. Environ. Pollut. 237, 824–831. (2018).
Lucia, M. et al. Trace element concentrations (Mercury, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Aluminium, Nickel, Arsenic, and Selenium) in some aquatic birds of the southwest Atlantic coast of France. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 58, 844–853. (2009).
Cherel, Y. et al. Accumulate or eliminate? Seasonal mercury dynamics in albatrosses, the most contaminated family of birds. Environ. Pollut. 241, 124–135. (2018).
Bond, A. L. & Diamond, A. W. Mercury concentrations in seabird tissues from Machias Seal Island, New Brunswick, Canada. Sci. Total Environ. 407, 4340–4347. (2009).
Grajewska, A., Falkowska, L., Saniewska, D. & Pawliczka, I. Fur and faeces – Routes of mercury elimination in the Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus grypus). Sci. Total Environ. 717, 137050. (2020).
Bełdowska, M. & Falkowska, L. Mercury in marine fish, mammals, seabirds, and human hair in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic. Water Air Soil Pollut. 227, 52. (2016).
Bento, B., Hintelmann, H., dos Santos, M. C., Cesario, R. & Canario, J. Marcury methylation rates in Deception Island (Maritime Antarctica) waters and pyroclastic gravel impacted by volcanic mercury. Mar. Poll. Bull. 164, 112023. (2021).
Saniewska, D. & Bełdowska, M. Mercury fractionation in soil and sediment samples using thermo-desorption method. Talanta 168, 152–161. (2017).
Wilman, B., Saniewska, D., Pyta, H., Wysiecki, D. & Bełdowska, M. Mercury fractionation – problems in method application. Mar. Poll. Bull. 187, 114560. (2023).
